Optimal. Leaf size=354 \[ -\frac{1}{3 x^3}+\frac{\log \left (x^2-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\log \left (x^2+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\log \left (x^2-\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\log \left (x^2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}-2 x}{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}-2 x}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 x+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}}{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 x+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.186717, antiderivative size = 354, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 20, number of rules used = 8, integrand size = 11, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.727, Rules used = {325, 299, 1127, 1161, 618, 204, 1164, 628} \[ -\frac{1}{3 x^3}+\frac{\log \left (x^2-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\log \left (x^2+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\log \left (x^2-\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\log \left (x^2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}-2 x}{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}-2 x}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 x+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}}{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 x+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 325
Rule 299
Rule 1127
Rule 1161
Rule 618
Rule 204
Rule 1164
Rule 628
Rubi steps
\begin{align*} \int \frac{1}{x^4 \left (1+x^8\right )} \, dx &=-\frac{1}{3 x^3}-\int \frac{x^4}{1+x^8} \, dx\\ &=-\frac{1}{3 x^3}-\frac{\int \frac{x^2}{1-\sqrt{2} x^2+x^4} \, dx}{2 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{\int \frac{x^2}{1+\sqrt{2} x^2+x^4} \, dx}{2 \sqrt{2}}\\ &=-\frac{1}{3 x^3}+\frac{\int \frac{1-x^2}{1-\sqrt{2} x^2+x^4} \, dx}{4 \sqrt{2}}-\frac{\int \frac{1+x^2}{1-\sqrt{2} x^2+x^4} \, dx}{4 \sqrt{2}}-\frac{\int \frac{1-x^2}{1+\sqrt{2} x^2+x^4} \, dx}{4 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{\int \frac{1+x^2}{1+\sqrt{2} x^2+x^4} \, dx}{4 \sqrt{2}}\\ &=-\frac{1}{3 x^3}+\frac{\int \frac{1}{1-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x+x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{\int \frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x+x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2}}-\frac{\int \frac{1}{1-\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x+x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2}}-\frac{\int \frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x+x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{\int \frac{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}+2 x}{-1-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\int \frac{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}-2 x}{-1+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\int \frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}+2 x}{-1-\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\int \frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}-2 x}{-1+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}\\ &=-\frac{1}{3 x^3}+\frac{\log \left (1-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x+x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\log \left (1+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x+x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\log \left (1-\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x+x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\log \left (1+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x+x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-2-\sqrt{2}-x^2} \, dx,x,-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}+2 x\right )}{4 \sqrt{2}}-\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-2-\sqrt{2}-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}+2 x\right )}{4 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-2+\sqrt{2}-x^2} \, dx,x,-\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}+2 x\right )}{4 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-2+\sqrt{2}-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}+2 x\right )}{4 \sqrt{2}}\\ &=-\frac{1}{3 x^3}-\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}-2 x}{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}-2 x}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}+2 x}{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}+2 x}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\log \left (1-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x+x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\log \left (1+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2}} x+x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2-\sqrt{2}\right )}}-\frac{\log \left (1-\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x+x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}+\frac{\log \left (1+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} x+x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2 \left (2+\sqrt{2}\right )}}\\ \end{align*}
Mathematica [A] time = 0.0066367, size = 216, normalized size = 0.61 \[ -\frac{1}{3 x^3}+\frac{1}{8} \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (x^2-2 x \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+1\right )-\frac{1}{8} \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (x^2+2 x \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+1\right )-\frac{1}{8} \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (x^2-2 x \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+1\right )+\frac{1}{8} \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (x^2+2 x \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+1\right )-\frac{1}{4} \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\csc \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \left (x-\cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )\right )\right )-\frac{1}{4} \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\csc \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \left (x+\cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )\right )\right )+\frac{1}{4} \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\sec \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \left (x-\sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )\right )\right )+\frac{1}{4} \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\sec \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \left (x+\sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )\right )\right ) \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] time = 0.007, size = 28, normalized size = 0.1 \begin{align*} -{\frac{1}{8}\sum _{{\it \_R}={\it RootOf} \left ({{\it \_Z}}^{8}+1 \right ) }{\frac{\ln \left ( x-{\it \_R} \right ) }{{{\it \_R}}^{3}}}}-{\frac{1}{3\,{x}^{3}}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} -\frac{1}{3 \, x^{3}} - \int \frac{x^{4}}{x^{8} + 1}\,{d x} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [B] time = 1.41375, size = 3287, normalized size = 9.29 \begin{align*} \text{result too large to display} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [A] time = 1.10075, size = 22, normalized size = 0.06 \begin{align*} \operatorname{RootSum}{\left (16777216 t^{8} + 1, \left ( t \mapsto t \log{\left (32768 t^{5} + x \right )} \right )\right )} - \frac{1}{3 x^{3}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A] time = 1.30793, size = 329, normalized size = 0.93 \begin{align*} \frac{1}{8} \, \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x + \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2}}\right ) + \frac{1}{8} \, \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x - \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2}}\right ) - \frac{1}{8} \, \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x + \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2}}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2}}\right ) - \frac{1}{8} \, \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x - \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2}}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2}}\right ) + \frac{1}{16} \, \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{16} \, \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{16} \, \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} + 1\right ) + \frac{1}{16} \, \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{3 \, x^{3}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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